Identity Is A Combination Of Two Individual Perceptions

Bolton-Ford Drue Professor: Mahala Pacs 1 22 October 2015 My Identity Is Identity is a combination of two individual perceptions, it refers to both a sense of who we are as a person and as a contributor to society. The first form of identity is self identity or true identity, which is the concept of yourself that you identify. The second form of identity, outer identity, is the concept or way others perceive you. Both identities collectively make up an individual and are the product of many years of life evolvement and transformation, but where they differ is the perspective. My identity is a uniqueness that has come as a result of my family, ethnicity, and Media. And it is this knowledge about my identity that I have attributed to my†¦show more content†¦My Dad was a very giving and loving person. Growing up in Los Angeles the presence of those less fortunate than me was ever present. One time when I visited my father s office at the end of the day I noticed a younger man waiting in the back of the office in the parking lot. I remember his cloth es looking a bit worn and he had a shopping basket which I could see a pillow and a large discolored comforter. I signaled to my dad that there was a man waiting in the parking lot. As my dad approached the parking lot I could see the mans faces begin to light up and smile form. The man began to greet my dad and to my surprise the man knew my father s name. After they talked for a little while me and my dad left and the man stayed behind unpacking his cart in the parking lot. I asked my father what the man wanted and he began to tell me the young man s story and how he was a veteran who had a mental illness and is now homeless. My father was letting the man sleep in the parking under the buildings awnings. My father was reputable for these small acts of kindness and he always spoke of helping others. He is the reason I believe myself to have hospitable, charitable and trustworthy traits. And also why I try to radiate positivity and be affirming. I also get many of my traits from my mother. I always remember having a special connection with my mother. I would help her out around the house and watch in amazement as she would design, build, and fix things around

Heritable Genetic Information In Escherichia Coli In...

Heritable Genetic Information in Escherichia Coli in Transformation and Deoxyribonucleic Acid A report for Biology 2000 written by Alana Pay : 001196733 Introduction Griffin was a scientist that showed that there was a non-living component to heritability between organisms, although he had not yet discovered what exactly was the heritable component. However, during this time period, it was a common belief that the heritable material was contained within the protein of the organism, not the DNA that is now held in the truth. In the Avery and company experiment, they expanded Griffin research to pinpoint the exact location of the heritable information by breaking down cell components until the final product allowing transformation was†¦show more content†¦The experiment completed by Stanley et al, also used the transformational effectiveness of E.Coli to complete their R-Factor DNA study, so the effectiveness of using E.Coli in this type of experiment is well documented. (Stanley et al, 1972) The antibiotic that was used in our replication experiment was kanamycin, which is a amino-glycoside and it proceeds to block the areas that initiat ion complexes may occur. (National Center, 2017) A model system allows us to witness the effects of an experiment in many generations and in an organism that grows in a very quick fashion. The genetic growth is generally very similar to that of humans so that we may compare and contrast what may happen in humans, or what will before we start clinical trials of certain chemicals or antibiotics, in this case, that may have a positive or negative impact on the human populace. The objective of this experiment is to conclude that the results of Griffin and Avery et al, can be duplicated in a way that will allow us to corroborate their results. The null hypothesis that this repeated experiment revolved around was that the DNA involved from the E. Coli would not undergo transformation and therefore grow a strain, which means that there would be growth on any of the plated specimens. This leads to the alternative hypothesis that only the plates that involved the DNase would not have growth as it has the heritable genetic information that would allow the transformation to occur andShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Bacterial Transformation1417 Words   |  6 PagesBackground theory: Bacterial transformation is a versatile tool of central importance to molecular biology (The American Phytopathological Society, 2016; The Biotechnology Education Company, 2003). It is a process whereby bacterial cells take up and express exogenous DNA, resulting in the expression of a newly acquired genetic trait that is both stable and heritable (The Biotechnology Education Company, 2003; Bruce Roe, n.d.). For transformation to take place, the bacterial cells must enter a particularRead MoreThemes in the Study of Life5755 Words   |  24 Pagessimple, one-sentence definition. ââ€"‹ We recognize life by what living things do. Concept 1.1 The themes of this book make connections across different areas of biology. †¢ Eight unifying themes will help you organize and make sense of biological information. Theme 1: New properties emerge at each level in the biological hierarchy. †¢ Each level of biological organization has emergent properties. †¢ Biological organization is based on a hierarchy of structural levels, each building on the levels below

Analysis of Extremely Loud free essay sample

Close is a wonderful example of a novel that deals with the many facets of life after a tragic event. The choice of love over fear is thrust upon the characters through inconsolable grief (Jain). Each of the main characters in the book has lost someone who they care about greatly, and they all must find different and unique methods of coping with this fact whether it be writing letters to an unborn son or going on a city wide search for a lock. The irony of the title is that tragedy is loud and close, but the people who can share and relieve grief such as family are all too quiet and far away (Jain). The major theme of the book is death and the ways one comes to terms with the loss of a loved one (Gina). Jonathan Safran Foer, the Jewish-American Author of this novel as well as Everything is Illuminated, a book about the Holocaust, did not experience a great loss while he was growing up (Solomon). He was born in 1977 in Washington and later went on to be the valedictorian of his high school and study philosophy in college (Solomon). In other words, why does Foer want to write about tragic events such as these? He says, â€Å"Both the Holocaust and 9/11 were events that demanded retellings (Solomon). † He also stated, â€Å"As a writer, I am trying to express those things that are most scary to me, because I am alone with them. Why do I write? It’s not that I want people to think I am smart, or even that I am a good writer. I write because I want to end my loneliness. Books make people less alone (Solomon). † The author thus writes of these tragedies to help others alleviate their solitude. One of the characters that deal with this theme is Oskar’s mother. She loses her husband, Thomas, in the World Trade Center collapse. Although they never find his body, she has a funeral with an empty casket as a way to manage with the death. She also attends a group for people that have lost loved ones. Because he lost his wife and daughter in a car accident, Ron also goes to the group, and it is here that Oskar’s mother and him meet. Oskar does not like that his mother spends an extensive period of time with Ron because he is afraid that if she falls in love Ron would replace the memory of his father. Even though Oskar thinks that his mom does not share the same extent of pain as he does, she cries quite frequently but never in front of her son. As Oskar pushes away from his family following the same flight as his grandfather, the tension in the story lies in the hope that in the end he will choose love over fear (Jain). Oskar’s grandmother not only loses her son, but also her family and friends in the bombings of her native city of Dresden, Germany. She also is without her husband after he leaves when she is pregnant. Because she lost her family in the bombings, it creates a dysfunctional relationship with her husband based solely on this shared loss. They need rules just to live in society and create something and nothing zones so they can live in peace. It is almost as if they have to have each other just because they both lost so much on the fateful night in Germany. When her husband Thomas leaves, the grandma states that she used up all her tears and now feels empty. Although this does happen, she still attempts to keep living. The grandfather’s situation is much more saddening. He completely lost everything that he defined himself and loved in the Dresden bombings. The loss and grief that remains of his first love and parents torture him eventually rendering him mute and dependant on a daybook along with his tattooed hands (Jain). Because of this he thinks, â€Å"The meaning of my thoughts started to float away from me, like leaves that fall from a tree into a river, I was the tree and the world was the river. † When he finds the sister of Anna, he asks her if he can make a sculpture. She eventually realizes he is trying to recreate his first love after he could never find her during the bombings. After this, they get married, but one of their first rules is that there will be no children. He is still afraid of losing something that important once again. The grandmother does get pregnant even though they have that restriction. Shortly after this, he left back for Dresden trying to find himself. The grandfather did not want their son to turn out like him. Instead, he wished for him to actually enjoy life and make the most of it. He obsessively wrote letters to Oskar’s father explaining himself to him (Jain). Thomas Schell never completely comes to terms with losing everyone that he loved in Dresden as well as himself. Both grandpa and grandma both try desperately to explain themselves to their descendants in an attempt to create a normal life after tragedy (Jain). Oskar’s self punishment stems from the five phone messages from the â€Å"worst day† which he hid from his family, and how he desperately tries to hold onto everything that reminds him of his father. The secret was a hole in the middle of me that every happy thing fell into, he says. Oskar has to find a way to stay close to his father fter his death. The searching of the lock and key is representative of the growth of Oskar’s character from disbelief and grief to acceptance. The effect of the tragedy on him was enormous causing him to lie compulsively, invent situations, give himself bruises, create a Stuff that Happened to Me book, get â€Å"heavy boots†, and develop fears mostly because of his â₠¬Å"inventing† what could happen to him. He also feels that he is alone and has no one to share these feelings with not even his mother. Not only does he not respect his psychiatrist, but he also feels his mom is not mourning as he is. However, at the end of his journey he meets his grandma’s renter. Although Oskar does not know it is his grandfather, he feels comfortable enough to tell him his circumstances. He allows himself to show his grandfather the only part of his father remaining that nobody else had: the phone messages his father left at the house on the â€Å"worst day†. Oskar finally revealed the messages to somebody helping to alleviate the self punishment they have caused him. The two of them devise a plan that will put their minds at ease. â€Å"He wrote, ‘Why would you want to do that? ’ I told him, ‘Because it’s the truth, and Dad loved the truth. ‘What truth? ’ ‘That he’s dead. ’† They decide to dig up the casket of Thomas Schell. Oskar knew that the casket was empty but the only way to substantiate this to his mind was to dig it up. Oskar had finally come to terms with his father’s death, and was finally able to move on. It also gave Oskar’s grandpa a chance to finally give his son all the letters he had written, but had never been able to send. Each character in Extremely Loud Incredibly Close is faced with the difficult passing of a loved one. They all have several ways of coming to terms with this.

Profitability and Liquidity Essay Example

Profitability and Liquidity Essay Profitability:Profitability is the making of gain in business activity for the benefit of the owners of the business.It is vital to my business as it allow my business to keep running.This is because by making a profit: Means my business is of interest to people and so by making a profit it is prevented from closing down. Where I have borrowed money, for example, for the set up of my business, I will take a loan from the bank, by making a profit I am then able to pay off that money. In the future, if I am looking to expand my business I am able to as I have enough, or even extra funds to use. This shows that passion4fashion is doing well and its performance is improving. I can be rewarded for the risks that I have taken in order to run the business.Profitability is a vital part in my business as I have to ensure the list above is carried out, once I have made a profit, e.g. pay bank loans back. As the owner of passion4fashion I would like to ensure all the hard work I put into the bu siness will be paid off, I believe that the profit is my reward for my entrepreneurial activities. Failure to gain profit leads to an unsuccessful business. By making a profit and by that profit gradually increasing let me know that my business is improving over time. However, as passion4fashion is a new business I cannot expect a profit immediately. Even though I will not gain a profit immediately, I will still need some sort of finance in order for my business to survive in the short run therefore I will have to have a sufficient amount of liquid resources. This is because liquid resources can be turned into cash within 12months. This will allow me to pay off immediate bill and wages etc.LiquidityLiquidity is a term that refers to the ability with which assets can be converted into cash.As I may not be making a profit within the first twelve months, I will need a way in which my business to survive. I believe it is possible to survive without making a profit within the first year as I can use the cash from liquid sources. These include cash in hand and money I have put either in a savings account or have as savings.Hence, liquidity is so important as if passion4fashion has a liquidity shortage, then it means there is no available cash. Cash is needed to pay for immediate bills, for example; wages, electricity bills, etc. without these bills being paid it is impossible for me to continue with my business.If passion4fashion did have a liquidity issue, I could sell off any raw materials and fixed assets that are unnecessary for running my business. This would allow me to make cash on them for a quick source of money. Also, I could retrieve any debts that I am owed in order to gain more money; however, as I am opening a new business it is unlikely that I have debtors already. This action will only take action if there is a severe liquidity problem within my business.In general, the productivity and liquidity is crucial because I will need to monitor the financia l position that my business is in. If I cannot make a profit, I will most definitely need liquid sources that are easily available.Task C2Assets, Liabilities, Expenses RevenuesAn asset is property owned and used by the business. The assets I have will consist of: Current Assets: current assets are those that are available as cash and other assets that could be converted into cash within a year. Current assets will be use up in production and include stock and cash.The stock; for my business the main stock is T-shirts; this will include a range of colours and sizes, and creative-flex (this is the printing ink) there will also be a range of colours of creative-flex. I will re-order the two main stocks on a monthly basis. Fixed Assets: an asset to a business that is central to its operation and not traded. My fixed assets are what I will buy to be used over a long period of time; this includes the premises I will be running the business in, and the printing press machine.A liability i s the money that is owed, all debts and financial obligations. There are 2 types of liability: Long term liabilities- An investors legal responsibility for no greater proportion of a companys debt than is represented by the value of the financial stake in the business. These are finances that are not due to be paid back for atleast 12 months. An example is money that is to be repaid in bank loans. Current liabilities- these are finances that are due to be cleared before the end of the financial year. This includes payment to suppliers, overdrafts, short term loans, and annual taxes.Revenue: the revenue is the income that comes into the business, due to the sale of products or services. So the revenue for passion4fashion is the total income that I get from selling the personalised T-shirts.Expenses: these are overheads of the business. It is all money spent for business purposes. For my business this will include; broadband internet, mobile phone contract, printing press machine, T-s hirts, printing ink, premises, stationery, computer, etc. (all expenses named in cash flow forecast)Task C3Profit and Loss AccountMy profit and loss account will show calculations of the net profit or loss made within my business. This account includes the income that has been received and the expenditures on resources that will be used within the next 12 months.Overall, this contains information about costs and profits, also revenue that I will record over the year.The main details of a profit and loss account consist ofTurnover:This is the revenue that I will generate from my business. The turnover minus the cost of sales will show my gross profit.Cost of Sales:The cost of sales is the expenditure that needs to be reached in order to produce goods.Gross Profit:This is figure is found by cost of sales turnover. Gross profit is the profit that my business will make before any expenses have been taken away.Expenses:These are also known as overheads. The expenses are not associated w ith production.Net Profit:This is the total amount of profit that is left over.The Profit and loss account that I have created displays that for the initial year of trading that I have made a net profit of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½29,388. As, I am a new business it is not expected to make a profit for the first year. However, if I keep to the budget and if business continues in the way I have forecasted, then Passion4Fashion should make the high profit I have predicted. I wish to maintain, and exceed this profit in years to come and therefore that means not making a loss. This means I will need to increase sales, I could also decrease the cost of my expenses, however as I am not making a loss I do not need take extreme actions.Profit and Loss AccountPassion~4~FashionFor end of initial year:TurnoverCost of SalesGross Profit33,2988,01032,288OverheadsRentAdvertisement and websiteEquipmentLoan6003002000à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2900Net Profit32,2882,900=à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½29,388Underneath is the profit and loss account for passion4fashion:Task C4Balance SheetMy balance sheet will show the assets and liabilities for Passion4Fashion at one time. The balance sheet below shows the assets and liabilities of my company within a year.Balance Sheet forPassion4Fashion:Fixed AssetsPremisesEquipmentà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½600Current AssetsStockCash in BankCash in handCurrent LiabilitiesTrade CreditorsNet Current AssetsLong term LiabilitiesBank LoanNET ASSETS FINANCED BYCapitalOpening CapitalAdd Net profitLess DrawingsClosing CapitalTask C5Cash flow forecastThe cash flow forecast is a vital aspect in the planning process when setting my business up. Overall, my cash flow forecast will show the amount of money coming into the business and going out of the business a year. However, it is separated and presented in months.The advantage of producing a cash flow forecast is to help me control and maintain my cash. By predicting in which months I will have more money I am then able to take risks or expand my busine ss. Also I need to ensure passion4fashion remain liquid meaning there is enough money coming into the business so I am able to repay debts and bills.By creating a cash flow forecast and thinking about the future of the company I can plan ahead, enabling me to estimate future costs and revenues. Also, by creating a cash flow forecast I not only see when I have more money coming in, but also I can see when I have little money coming in aswell, this allows me to prepare or save for those times. By having a estimate of what the future of my business will be like I can save well before time in order for my business to remain liquid or else my business will fail.As I have previously explained, when setting up my business I will need to borrow money, this will be a loan borrowed from the bank. However, as that money is needed to be paid back I will have to prove to the loaners that the business I plan on starting up will be successful and will be able to pay back the loan. By producing a c ash flow forecast I have enabled myself to present to the business how their money is going to be spent, and paid back. Also, a cash flow forecast is an effortful task and therefore it shows the bank managers that I am determined to make this business reach its maximum potential.I have researched many banks in order to find the best loan for my business. I have found that Lloyds TSB offer the best loan, and I will requesting a loan of two thousand pounds. As the owner I feel it is also my duty to take a risk and put in four thousand pounds of my savings into the business. I believe in myself that I can make the business work and achieve the aims and objectives set. However, it is my job to persuade the Lloyds TSB that I am worthy of the loan. So in order to do so I have put together my cash flow forecast to allow the bankers to see that my business plans are practical and attainable. Also, if I knew from looking at the cash flow forecast that my business would fail I would be very h esitant to put in four thousand pounds worth of savings. At the end of the business year I can then compare my cash flow forecast with the actual cash flow. This allows me to see where it is I have over spent, or even not spent enough. But most importantly, it allows me to make any adjustments for the following year. So my cash flow forecast for each year gradually becomes more and more realistic and is closer to the actual cash flow.I have used a spreadsheet to present my cash flow forecast, I have presented how much money I have estimated to flow in and out of my business during the first year. On a monthly basis I have calculated that my business make sales worth à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1900 for the first three months. I plan to sell 120 T-shirts a month, at the average price of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15.83. I have only calculated an average price as the price may vary depending on the type of T-shirt the customer requires, e.g. larger logos will have an additional charge.I have increase my estimated s ales figure after three months as during the 1st three months I plan to heavily advertise my business in the local newspaper, and become a recognised brand. The advertising will come into effect after three months. And so by the time of April and May I will have a larger market share.I have estimated that my busiest months of the year will be June and July. I have again increased my estimated sales figure to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4600, I hope for this increase as the weather will be getting hotter and therefore people are more likely to buy and wear T-shirts. Also, during the summer, I have researched that people, mostly students, go on holiday. As they go in large groups they buy personalised T-shirts stating where they are going, and their name or the name of their group. For example;During those two months I plan to sell 290 T-shirts per month (rounded up to nearest 10) this will increase my revenue by à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1250, with sales rising from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3,350 in May to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4,600 i n June.However, during the months of August and September I have realistically decreased sales to be the same as April and May, this is because the weather will be getting colder and therefore people will not buying or wearing as many T-shirts. I have also estimated that the sales drop after September until December, this is because the weather is going to be extremely cold and it is highly unlikely that T-shirts will be worn. However, I expect to still get sales during these months as October, November, and December are months of which people do Christmas shopping, and with the aid of advertising a personalised T-shirt maybe the perfect Christmas present.In total the cash flow forecast shows me that I am expecting a total of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½34,000 in sales during the first year of trading.As a business I will have expected costs that the business will need to meet. These include the materials used to make my T-shirts; this is known as my direct costs. For the first three months I will have à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½245 for stock and à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½265 for materials (T-shirts). As I plan to sell more after the first three months this means I will have to spend more on materials and stock, so raising the total of both from à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½510, to a total of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½760 in April and May. The direct costs will keep rising until August, and the decrease again in October through until December.The premises I have decide to use is my Uncles stationery shop. I have discussed the matter with him. He agreed to give me a spacious (enough to make and sell my T-shirts) part of his shop if I pay him rent of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50 a month, this is because it is an unused space and he feels he has no gain from using this space, so the extra à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50 a month can do his company some good aswell. Also, by advertising my company they will enter his shop in order to purchase a T-shirt, and customers may decide to pick up some stationery on there way in or out. However, I agreed that after the first yea r, after sales increase, I will also increase the rent I pay.I have also included fuel costs which I have estimated to be à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½30 a month, this is because I will only be driving to and from work, and occasionally I may have to either go to the bank or pick up supplies. But on the whole I will not be travelling much. Also, I have decided that on large orders, if they are unable to pick up the T-shirts I ill be willing to drop them off. This will only be within a 10 miles radius of my shop.My car tax is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½125 a year, and I have received a quote from AA for my car insurance which is totalled to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½600 a year. This is because I learnt to drive from AA driving school, and as a result I get discount off my car insurance. I have included this in my cash flow forecast as 12 monthly instalments. My mobile phone service is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½120 a year, on O2 as I feel they give the best deal for the lowest amount of money.The net cash flow is the sales minus the expenditur e. If sales are more than expenditure than the net flow will be positive, however, if expenditure is more than sales then net flow will be negative. Looking at my cash flow forecast I have a positive net flow, this is because my total sales are more than my total expenditures. I have a net flow of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½16,649. As T-shirt sales increase so does the net flow, this is shown as by looking at my cash flow forecast I can see that during the months of June and July (boxes G48 and H48 in cash flow forecast) my net flow increases by à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½225 compared to that which it was in May.The opening balance is the amount of money my business will have at the start of each month.My cash flow forecast shows that the opening balance in January is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0. This is because I have not sold any T-shirts yet. As my business prolongs and I am gradually selling more T-shirts my opening balance will increase every month, this is because sales will be higher than expenditure.My closing balance shows the amount of money that is left at the end of the month.The closing balance for one month equals the same as the opening balance for the month after, and is calculated by adding the net flow to the opening balance.The closing balance for January is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5,997 this is reasonably high for the first month.After January the closing balance keeps increasing, however it increases more after June and July than any other months.Normally businesses either have liquidity issues as they do not have a positive cash flow. They may decide to take out extended loans, and in the future if I my business does have liquidity problems I will have to do this. However, for the first year according to my cash flow forecast my business will not have a negative cash flow. This is because my expenses are low in comparison to my payments. By showing the bankers this, it is a persuading factor in order for them to give me a loan.Task C6BudgetA budget is a major part for financial planning; it is used to see how much money is available for future and present use. In order to keep my finances in order and in effect I will have to produce a budget every month.The main functions of having a budget are; Planning: by having a budget I can plan for the future incase problems occur and I fall short of money. Directing: by budgeting the money I get I can put some of it towards motivating my employees, so they work harder in order to achieve their goals and targets set. Also, I can see exactly where the money is going, and this will mean that no one else can spend the money unnecessarily, including myself.A budget is useful as it gives me an indication of where I can spend and save money. This is extremely vital as it can prevent the assimilation of debts. The budget can help with the successfulness of my business; this is because I can see where it is necessary to spend my money in order for it to go further. I can also prioritise what I need to buy ahead of time; again, this will enable my business to go further and for me to avoid debts as they will be my first priority.There are different types of budgets; some of them are listed below; Production Budget- this type of budget is used to plan levels of production.This will show the amount of units for each product that will need to be made in order to reflect the revenue plans shown in the sales budget. Sales Budget- this is the budget I am likely to use, I feel this is the most important type of budgeting as it effects other types of budgeting, as you can see from above (affects production budgeting). This is caused as if the amount of sales increases during the year, the amount of production will also need to be increased (as demand goes up, supply has to follow). By using this type of budgeting I can gain a clearer insight on where my money is going.Variance analysisVariance analysis is a budget that can be carried out for both revenue and costs. Below is a list of the four types of variance analysis:1. S ales Variance; this is the difference between budgeted sales revenue and actual revenue. For example if a new competitor comes into the market, that would decrease my sales, and as it was unexpected it would make a large difference when comparing predicted revenue to actual revenue.2. Materials variance; this is the difference between predicted cost of materials and actual cost of materials. For example, if the price in cotton (the T-shirt material) rose unexpectedly yet rapidly I would have to increase the selling price of my T-shirts. Thus as the increased price in cotton was not expected, it would have a great effect when comparing my predicted cost of materials to the actual cost of materials. Also, the increase or decrease in inflation will have an occurring difference in the price of the materials I buy.3. Fixed Overhead Variance; this is the difference between the predicted fixed overhead and the actual overhead. An example relating to passion4fashion would be if the rent inc reases within the first year, this would not be planned as I have agreed for the rent to increase after a year. And so with the unexpected circumstance there will be a different between predicted and actual price of fixed overheads.Variance analysis will allow me to view the overall performance of my business as I can see where and why variance has occurred.Task C7Break evenThe point where my business will break even is when the total revenue from sales is exactly the same as producing the T-shirts. The level of output where total costs and total revenue are the same is known as the break even output. The formula I will use to assess whether or not I have broken even is;The fixed costs are those that remain the same for the business throughout the year for example, my premises, and machinery. Also, the repayments I make to the bank will remain the same during the year so that can also be counted as a fixed cost.The contribution for my business would be the cost of producing the T-sh irt subtracted by the sale of the T-shirt.The fixed cost for my business equals, and the contribution equals à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15.83-à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.25, this gives me a total contribution of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½11.58.Break even can help me monitor the performance of passion4fashion. I am able to do this as if I receive a profit more than I expected I can see that my targets have been met and exceeded. Also, if I target my business to break even in June and it does so in October than I can see that I need to improve my business strategies in order for my business to be successful.I will use the calculation shown above to figure out how long it will take in order for my business to make a net profit. By using the research I have conducted which tells me how many T-shirts I are demanded a week, for example 40 T-shirts in demand for every week on an annual basis, I will sell 2080 T-shirts a year. Break even comes into this as I can see how many T-shirts I have to sell in order to break even and how lon g it will take me to sell that many T-shirts. If I am able to break even within the first year I can then calculate my net profit after breaking even, with this information I can then start expanding on ideas for my business and strive to achieve new aims and objectives.By using my market research to calculate how long it will take in order for my business to break even, I can then adjust it accordingly. For example, if I end up selling more than I planned I will be sure break-even quicker. However, if I end up selling less than I intended than I will have to recalculate my break even time.My break even figure may even change, for example, if a new scenario occurs where perhaps a new competitor enters the market, I may have to lower prices. This means that I will have to sell more T-shirts in order to break even. To keep revenue the same if I decrease the price I will have to either promote my business more, or look around for a cheaper supplier!My break even figure can also help me when I have the money to pay out in order for my business to remain liquid.

The Monroe Doctrine †History Essay

The Monroe Doctrine – History Essay Free Online Research Papers The Monroe Doctrine History during the early 1800’s found the American people very interested in the situation involving the Latin American countries found in central, South America, and Mexico. Though these Latin countries tried to establish their own government and proclaimed their independence, certain European countries continued to fight and reinstate their force and power over them. A major factor to consider was that France and Spain were considering joining forces to create a large and powerful military force, also in hopes of moving in to reclaim the areas of Latin states in which French or Spanish power had slipped. Americans were showing equal concern to the defense of their own country, their coastlines and the states and territory of the North American continent. This defense, not only in the meaning of protecting their colonized states from invasive forces, but defense also to protect the available land on the continent from the future possibilities of settlement and control by European countries or the Holy Alliance (Russia, Prussia and Austria.) During President James Monroe’s term, the president realized the States should start to exert power in the world. The States must develop a policy to protect his countrys interests. President Monroe chose to consult with many of those he found wise and those whose opinions he valued (former President Thomas Jefferson, John Calhoun and James Madison, and Secretary John Quincy Adams. Great Britain tried to collaborate with the United States, hoping to send out a joint message to other European countries and the Holy Alliance. All but the Secretary of State agreed it would be in the best interest of the States to ally with Great Britain. The thought was to create a document or declaration stating the land on the northern continent of America could no longer be claimed by any European country, or the Holy Alliance. It was also clearly expressed Europe or the Holy Alliance should not interfere with into American affairs and could expect the United States would not become involved in the business of other countries. There would be no tolerance of those who chose to ignore or interfere with all that was set forth in this document. Colonization of the land and territories by Americans was acceptable; growth was expected, especially to the north and west. The population of the states, at that time, was expanding and settled land was becoming crowded. Great Britain, though perhaps not too happy to relinquish any powers or rights to colonize any territory in the American territory, offered support to the implementation of a diplomatic document issued regarding this issue. JAMES MONROE President James Monroe governed the States with an intelligent and fair leadership. There are two things for which he is named and perhaps best known, Fort Monroe and the Monroe Doctrine. Both Fort Monroe and the Monroe Doctrine were both created in the hopes of deterring future attacks on the States, seen in the burning of Washington and during the colonization of the territories of the country. Fort Monroe developed as a coastal defensive port, a stronghold against foreign military advances. The Monroe Doctrine developed as a defensive mechanism against European countries and the Holy Alliance, countries dominating in world power and continuing to pursue land in the western hemisphere. James Monroe grew up as a planter and later became a military officer. His military career was considered unsuccessful by most, his job was to enlist soldiers into the war and his success rate was low. He later served as senator and governor of Virginia and was assigned to duty overseas by President Thomas Jefferson. He increased his political knowledge by gaining valuable knowledge in his legal profession and while performing as a liaison to foreign countries. However, along with this knowledge he brought the character traits of honest and integrity, along with respect for the government and for his country. Combined, President Monroe possessed many attributes which helped to pave the way for his future career as the nations president. Monroe served for two presidential terms. He led the country with these traits, placing the rights of the people above his own. â€Å"One of his lasting achievements was the Monroe Doctrine, which became a major tenet of U.S. foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere.† (para 1, Biography: A Life in Brief) During his second term he, along with his Secretary of State. John Quincy Adams, worked together to create the Monroe Doctrine. During President Monroe’s last message to Congress, in 1823, the Monroe Doctrine was presented. JOHN QUINCY ADAMS John Quincy Adams played a very important part in the production of the Monroe Doctrine. Very early in his career Mr. Adams, a Harvard graduate, was selected and assigned overseas to diplomatic posts overseas. Many years were spent abroad; Mr. Adams achieved success serving in political assignments. â€Å"One of the most important lessons he learned while serving abroad was that the United States should not become caught become rivalries that exist between European companies.† (para 2, John Quincy Adams) Remaining in politics, John Quincy Adams decided to run for the Senate. He was elected with the support of the Federalist Party. He later lost their support when he vocalized support for President Thomas Jefferson and his embargo. True to Mr. Adam’s lessons learned while serving overseas, the embargo was for neutrality while England and France were at war. Mr. Adams was chosen to become the Secretary of State for President James Monroe. John Quincy Adams believed the States should remain neutral and should protect the natural resources; these ideas were very similar to those shared by President Monroe. The Secretary of States knowledge and philosophies were very instrumental in many political negotiations and in the development of documents and treaties. His career as Secretary of State was considered very successful. One of his great accomplishments (other than the Monroe Doctrine) was the peace treaty of Ghent. While serving as Secretary of State during the early 1800’s, Mr. Adams helped to negotiate the acquisition of land which had previously owned by other countries, to include the purchase of Florida. It was during this term that President Monroe and Secretary of State Adams felt it was in the best interest of the States for the declaration, later to be known as the Monroe Doctrine, to be created. Hoping to stop the advancement of colonization by Europe and the Holy Alliance, the government would issue this doctrine during Monroes second term. The declaration announcing the States would not become entangled in or take sides during disputes between other countries would also allow the American country a chance to build a reputation as an independent nation. While others counseled President Monroe during the creation stages of the document, it was the opinion of Mr. Adams on which the president relied. The ideas used were more truly devised by both the president and Mr. Adams. They were in agreement that not only should the doctrine include a warning, there would be no future colonization of the States by European countries or the Holy Alliance, but also that there should be no involvement in United States affairs and the United States would not get involved in the affairs of other countries. John Quincy Adams also had some political motives for implementing the doctrine during the term of President Monroe. Mr. Adams planned to run for the presidency as a Republican. Having the doctrine issued by Monroe, Adams was able to have the policies put into effect and yet he would not seem to the public as though he was pro-British, at a time when the Republicans would not have approved. THOMAS JEFFERSON President Monroe chose Thomas Jefferson for advice. He asked what Jeffersons opinion was towards allowing Great Britain be a joint party in the development of a doctrine. Mr. Jefferson answered by writing a letter to the president. Thomas Jefferson also felt it was time the States controlled their own continent, without interference from other powers. He also stated he continued to think that Great Britain was such a powerful force that if they were not included, they may take action against the States. He wrote it would be a huge step in the forward movement of the United States if they were to have the ability to expand to their borders and have the opportunity to increase their states and colonies by decreasing the hold of other countries. He was hesitant because of the power of these same countries. â€Å"Both Jefferson and former president James Madison, whom Monroe also consulted, recommended cooperation with Britain. However, Monroes Secretary of State, John Quincy Adams, was more cautious.† (para 4, Today in History) GEORGE CANNING (British Foreign Minister) During the development of the Monroe Doctrine Great Britain was extremely concerned with Spain and France and their pressure on the Latin countries. Great Britain did not want to lose ground, many of their politicians worked and negotiated against these countries, decreasing their control in the western hemisphere. Both France and Spain were once again trying to assert their power over these countries in Central, South America, and Mexico. Great Britain did not want this to happen. â€Å"Britain, prospering from newly opened Latin American trade, opposed this move. In 1823, Foreign Minister George Canning proposed, through Richard Rush, the American minister, the two nations jointly express their hostility to intervention.† (para 2, Monroe, James) They presented their developing idea of a proclamation protecting the interests of the States. Trying to preserve some political interests of Great Britain, George Canning presented an idea that together the States and Great Britain present a joint proclamation, this would allow Great Britain the rights to colonize Latin countries. Great Britain would benefit from the increased commerce from the Latin countries and the continued trade with the states, so, even though President Monroe gave a negative response to the offer of a joint declaration, Great Britain was still supportive of the Monroe Doctrine. How the Birth of the Monroe Doctrine Shaped US Foreign Policy from 1820’s through the Civil War. The Monroe Doctrine was issued in 1823 by President Monroe during his last address to Congress. Later in history it was realized there may have been no way to actually implement the consequences, if the Monroe Doctrine was dismissed by Europe and the Holy Alliance. However; it was successful, those countries did accept and abide by the doctrine initially. In later years, during the countrys expansion the doctrine became less substantial. There were times when it was used to the benefit of the country and other occasions when it did not prove to be the answer. During the early 1830s Great Britain claimed alliance with Texas and the Monroe Doctrine was interjected, as reminder and a means of substantiating the diplomatic rights of the United States. When the Doctrine was issued Great Britain still controlled colonies and territories in the west (Oregon, California). Settlers began to move west and challenged the British rights. Two succeeding presidents, President Tyler and President Polk were determined to find a means to loosen the control of Britain in the west. Evoking the Monroe Doctrine, each president faced Great Britain, requesting acknowledgement of the proclamation. Using the doctrine to protect the Latin states was not so positive, when used to address the fight between Spain and the Dominican Republic. Conclusion The creation of the Monroe Doctrine changed not only the history of the States but perhaps the history of the world. Declaring that Europe and the Holy Alliance could no longer interfere with the Latin countries allowed these new countries the time they needed to develop their countries, their business, and their trade and shipping markets. Since commerce and shipping was no longer dominated by the larger countries, this allowed the States an opportunity to grow and develop in the trade market also. This time and confidence allowed them to develop their own naval military powers also. The initiation and implementation of such a wise first move in foreign policy was one of many that helped to build the United States into a forceful power. WORKS CITED Biography: A Life in Brief. James Monroe. American Presidents. para 1. Updated April 26, 2005, from: americanpresident.org/history/jamesmonroe/ John Quincy Adams. John-Quincy-Adams.com. para 2. Retrieved September 7, 2005, john-quincy-adams.com Today in History, October 17. American Memory. Library of Congress, para 4. (Retrieved September 7, 2005 from: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/today/oct17.html Monroe, James. The American Presidency. Encyclopedia Americana 2005 para 2 Retrieved September 8, 2005, http://ap.grolier.com/article?assetid=0275240-00templatename=/article/article.html Research Papers on The Monroe Doctrine - History EssayAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Bringing Democracy to AfricaUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresPETSTEL analysis of India19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraQuebec and CanadaDefinition of Export Quotas

Linguistic and Conversational Repairs

Linguistic and Conversational Repairs In conversation analysis, repair is the process by which a speaker recognizes a speech error and repeats what has been said with some sort of correction. Also called speech repair,  conversational repair, self-repair, linguistic repair, reparation, false start, accommodation, and restart. A linguistic repair may be marked by a hesitation and an editing term (such as, I mean) and is sometimes regarded as a type of dysfluency. The term repair in the linguistic sense was introduced by Victoria Fromkin in her article The Non-Anomalous Nature of Anomalous Utterances, published in Language, March 1971. Examples and Observations Well, I think it’syou know, I think this has gone beyond, as it were, Al Qaida as a specific network. I mean, this isthere is no central command in this ideology, the way that, you know, you would normally describe one unit ofthat leads an operation. It’s not like that.(Former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, CNN interview, Dec. 8, 2008)We dont really move. I mean, wed like to, but my mom is sort of attached to the house. Attached is, I guess, not the right word. Shes pretty much wedged in.(Johnny Depp as Gilbert in Whats Eating Gilbert Grape, 1993)If I need to stand up in front of an audience and give a speech and its an audience full of educated people from all walks of life, then I would feel embarrassed about not using correct grammar. I wouldnt want to stand in front and say, She dont . . . or He dont . . .. I wouldnt want to say that. But the thing is that I say it so much that its like I know I would say it at a time that I probably shouldnt say it. But the thi ng is that what I try to do is when I say that in certain circles, I try to correct myself and I find myself thinking in the middle of my sentences, What word do I say next? Which verb agreement am I supposed to use?(Reia, quoted by Sonja L. Lanehart in Sista, Speak!: Black Women Kinfolk Talk About Language and Literacy. University of Texas Press, 2002) Self-Repair and Other-Repair Repairs are variously classified as self-repair (corrections, etc. made by speakers themselves responsible), vs. other-repair (made by their interlocutors); as self-initiated (made by a speaker without querying or prompting) vs. other-initiated (made in response to querying or prompting).(P.H. Matthews, Concise Oxford Dictionary of Linguistics, 1997)Cordelia Chase: I just dont see why everyones always picking on Marie-Antoinette. I can so relate to her. She worked really hard to look that good, and people just dont appreciate that kind of effort. And I know the peasants were all depressed.Xander Harris: I think you mean oppressed.Cordelia Chase: Whatever. They were cranky.(Charisma Carpenter and Nicholas Brendon in Lie to Me. Buffy the Vampire Slayer, 1997) Types of Repair Sequences Self-initiated self-repair: Repair is both initiated and carried out by the speaker of the trouble source.Other-initiated self-repair: Repair is carried out by the speaker of the trouble source but initiated by the recipient.Self-initiated other-repair: The speaker of a trouble source may try and get the recipient to repair the troublefor instance if a name is proving troublesome to remember.Other-initiated other-repair: The recipient of a trouble source turn both initiates and carries out the repair. This is closest to what is conventionally called correction. [T]here are four varieties of repair sequences:(Ian Hutchby and Robin Wooffitt, Conversation Analysis. Polity, 2008) Repairs and the Speech Process One of the ways that linguists have learned about speech production is through the study of repair. The early seminal studies of Fromkin argued that a variety of speech errors (neologisms, word substitutions, blends, misordered constituents) demonstrated the psychological reality of phonological, morphological and syntactic rules and provided evidence for ordered phases in speech production. Such studies have also suggested that although speakers have no little or no overt access to their own speech processes, they are able to continuously monitor their own speech, and if they detect a problem, to then self-interrupt, hesitate and/or use editing terms, and then make the repair. (Deborah Schiffrin, In Other Words. Cambridge Univ. Press, 2006) The Lighter Side of Self-Repair With stealthy steps he crept to the head of the stairs and descended.One uses the verb descend advisedly, for, what is required is some word suggesting instantaneous activity. About Baxters progress from the second floor to the first there was nothing halting or hesitating. He, so to speak, did it now. Planting his foot firmly on a golf-ball which the Hon. Freddie Threepwood, who had been ​practicing putting in the corridor before retiring to bed, had left in his casual fashion just where the steps began, he took the entire staircase in one majestic, volplaning sweep. There were eleven stairs in all separating his landing from the landing below, and the only ones he hit were the third and tenth. He came to rest with a squattering thud on the lower landing, and for a moment or two the fever of the chase left him.(P.G. Wodehouse, Leave It to Psmith, 1923)

The Baptism of Pocahontas by John Gadsby Chapman Essay

The Baptism of Pocahontas by John Gadsby Chapman - Essay Example Both "The Warning of Powhatan" and "The Crowning of Powhatan" were displayed at the National Academy of Design in New York in the year 1836. His Landing at Jamestown and The Crowning of Powhatan were later imprinted in the 1840s for accepted magazines. Chapman's companion Henry Alexander Wise had set up a decree in the United States House of Representatives in the year 1834 to structure a committee to choose American artists to complete the United States Capitol Rotunda cycle commenced by John Trumbull. On 28 February 1837 the Select Committee opted Robert Weir, John Vanderlyn, Henry Inman, and John G. Chapman to paint sight from American history. According to his agreement, Chapman entertained $10,000 in four payments. The completed painting, The Baptism of Pocahontas, was revealed on 30 November 1840 and was escorted by a leaflet elucidating the artist's approach to the theme and a concise history of Pocahontas as well as the Jamestown colony. John Gadsby Chapman sought to use the Jamestown legend as a paradigm of the confrontation between English settlers and Native Americans. His Baptism of, installed in the U.S. Capitol rotunda in 1840, combined historical mythmaking, concerns about the fate of the "noble savage," and respect for the Virginia heritage. Like Custis, the artist had deep roots in the Virginia soil; his father, Charles, came from an old Prince William County family; his maternal grandfather, John Gadsby, owned the famous Alexandria tavern that is now a Virginia landmark. Born near there in 1808, Chapman grew up with Mount Vernon and its powerful Washington legacy a few miles to the south and the newly constructed federal city taking shape upriver on the Potomac. Both were to have a profound effect on his future ambitions. During a brief and futile attempt to study law in Winchester, Virginia, he formed a close friendship with future Virginia congressman and Governor Henry Alexander Wise2. In 1828, the youn g artist toured Europe, there enriching his artistic education while making friends with such notables as James Fenimore Cooper, Samuel F.B. Morse, and the sculptor Horatio Greenough. Chapman might have taken advantage of such influential friends to help him launch his career in New York upon his return in 1831. Instead he chose to settle in Virginia, where he eked out scant living painting portraits. (Alexandria Gazette, 1832) During his youth, Chapman had witnessed the rebuilding of the Capitol after its destruction during the War of 1812 and had later watched John Trumbull install his four Revolutionary War paintings in the rotunda. Hoping one day to create a similar "national picture" for the Capitol, he began to contact influential politicians and exhibit his paintings around the District of Columbia3. By this time, Chapman had moved to New York City, where he was establishing a creditable reputation as a printmaker and illustrator. As soon as he returned home, the artist began painting episodes from the Pocahontas saga, the first being two small canvases -- The Coronation of Powhatan and The Warning of Pocahontas -- which he exhibited at the National Academy of Design in 1836. In 1837, he composed his own version of the famous rescue scene, Pocahontas Saving the Life of Captain John Smith and between 1839 and 1841; he

Journal 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal 10 - Essay Example However, Berniece had her reasons for opposing this sale, as the piano is the only piece of heirloom, which they both inherited. Piano was close to her heart because her great grandparents engraved their history on it, they were traded for it and also their father died over it (74-75, Bogumil). She declines Willie’s idea to sell it because piano was a reminder of their ancestors and especially of their father. And selling it would mean they would be selling their identity and heritage; this time by them self. Wilson weaved death and suffering with the piano and the siblings inherited both. Piano reminded them of their loss and deficient identity, but also was the only heirloom (though painful) left of the family. Boy Willie and Berniece’s great grandparents (slaves) engraved their history on it, but since it was not their property (Sutter’s) they were traded over it. Their father died after taking it from Sutter’s residence and piano was the last thing Berniece could relate to. However, she never played on it since it used to make her sad and Willie wanted to sell this heritage because it existed on the life (sacrifice) of his family and has been a reminder of slavery. Wilson has depicted music worth dying for and this is evident in the play. I would like to hire Will Smith as Boy Willie and Halle Berry as Berniece because both actors can convincingly transform them self into the assigned characters and can do justice with their characters. If it’s a theatrical play I would like to transform the stage into 1930 era, when the transition (from slavery to a free nation) was taking place for African Americans. My characters will dress up according to the 1930’s dressing criteria and the Piano will be staged in the front corner so its existence can be noticed. From time to time, I would like the piano to be played by the good

ICT Meeting Special Needs Essay Example for Free

ICT Meeting Special Needs Essay Introduction In this report I will describe a wide range of technologies which Tony Mcnulty, who is disabled, with an evaluation of the extent to which these meet their needs. Tony is paralyzed so he can no longer use his hands and legs properly. Sometimes Tony cannot hear very well sometimes and has to have sentences repeated to him several times. Tony was formally an architect but he fell off a building site whilst on a job. He now gets his staff to go on sites and he draws the designs at home. Tony is cared for by his brother but is married with three children. Tony normally goes out with his friends to pubs and clubs with people with similar disabilities. Technology 1 Electronic Wheelchair An electronic wheelchair is a wheelchair which uses a battery (usually a gel cell or wet cell) that must be re-charged on a regular basis. These types of wheelchairs are significantly heavier than most manual wheelchairs because they must house both the battery weight and the weight of any additional adaptive equipment. Advantages The advantages of electronic wheelchairs are that they are powered by a battery which means less physical use of the body for those who find it hard to use their hands properly. Another advantage of electronic wheelchairs is that there is no need for someone to assist you can go by yourself. Another advantage is that it easier going uphill because you are not using up any of your energy. Disadvantages The disadvantages of electronic wheelchairs are that they cannot be folded like manual wheelchairs so this may be a problem in small houses. Another disadvantage is that the battery runs out and needs to be charged so you can not travel far without it needing a recharge. Personal Needs An electronic wheelchair meets Tonys personal needs because he can go out anywhere he wants to go without the need of assistance from anyone. He also goes out and does shopping if his carers are not at home. An electronic wheelchair meets Tonys personal needs because Tony has the chance to go out for fresh air for longer and more often because if Tony used a manual wheelchair he gets tired of moving it with his hands so would then have to go back home. Another personal use that Tony uses the wheelchair for is to go shopping, the wheelchair allows him to do this on his own, as it can lift to reach products on high shelves and it can also climb stairs, meaning that he can go shopping almost anywhere without being assisted by a family member or a friend to help him. But with his power wheelchair he goes out for a lot longer but he has to be back home before the battery runs out. Evaluation of how it meets his personal needs It can be found from the personal needs above that the Electronic wheelchair fairly effective at meeting Tonys needs. This is because Tony needs the wheelchair to be able to run for at least 6 or 7 hours at the time, and it can do this very easily, this is as the battery life of the electric wheelchair is reasonably long and it can allow Tony to stay on the move for long periods of time. Also because the frame of the Wheelchair is so strong, it allows him to do a lot of things. For example the wheelchair has the ability to climb stairs, and without the strong frame it would simply break apart under Tonys weight, so therefore the strong frame allows the technology to meet his needs even more effectively as it proves that it is dependable and will not crack under pressure. Electric wheelchair is mainly positive, however it has some problems, one being that because it is so heavy due to its metal frame, Tony finds it hard to travel with it meaning that he cant really go on holiday on hi s own or even fold it away when he is at home, although he never really does as he cant walk. This means that the electric wheelchair is not completely successful at meeting Tonys needs, but it is the best thing for it as other forms of wheelchair simply do not have enough functions to help Tony. Social Needs An electronic wheelchair meets Tonys social needs because he can take it to go out with his friends and family on outings. He also doesnt have to worry about the battery running out because his friends or family members push him home whenever this does happen. Electronic wheelchairs allow Tony to more free time because he is going out with his friends so he can get to the destination faster rather than pushing a manual wheelchair around and having to stop for quick breaks when he gets tired. He can also set other dates to go out on his days off. The electric wheelchair has quickly become an integral part of his social life as it simply has allowed him to do things he was not able to do before, such as going out for a drink or even going to go and watch a football match with his mates. As the Technology meets this need, it gives him the opportunity to go out with friends to bars and restaurants, which is his main social need. Evaluation of how it meets his Social needs The Electric wheelchair is almost perfect at meeting Tonys social needs as it has almost all the properties needed to meet his social needs. Due to its reasonably long battery life it allows him to successfully meet his social needs, such as going out for lengthy periods of time, giving him more time to enjoy himself. The electric wheelchair is one of his most helpful tools that help him conquer his disability, but even this technology has some problems. For example due to it being quite dangerous because it is vulnerable to faults, such as the brakes not working. Professional Needs Tony uses his electronic wheelchair in his professional life because he cant walk properly very much without falling so he takes his electronic wheelchair to work so he can look around the building site properly An electronic wheelchair meets Tonys professional needs because he can look around the building site properly without having to tell his staff to look around all of the time and make suggestions. The electric wheelchair is a vital part of Tonys workplace, in terms of mobility. As I have said earlier, Tony is an architect, and this involves a large number of tasks that are almost impossible for him. Especially the electric wheelchair, it allows him to perform the most crucial part of being an architect. It lets him get to sites on time and then move around the site so that he can keep on top of all his jobs and do it on his own, as the wheelchair allows him to move freely in and around his workplace. Another important need of Tony that he has at work is that he needs to be able to go up stairs to view sites which require climbing stairs so his wheelchair allows him to climb stairs as it has this function, meaning that he can get around work without having to get people to carry him up stairs. Evaluation of how it meets his professional needs Overall the technology is very effective at meeting Tonys professional needs. It gives him the opportunity to move around building sites freely as the wheelchair can get through the tightest spaces, meaning that is effective at meeting his need off moving around building sites effectively. Also because the battery life of the wheelchair is quite long it can get him through the average 9 to 5 day and even more as it is possible for the day to be delayed. Therefore the electric wheelchair helps Tony get through any un-suspected surprises that might come up at work. This makes the wheelchair very reliable as it is not only mobile but very reliable and Tony can almost always depend on it. Although the wheelchair is very good at meeting Tonys work needs, it lacks a few things, for example, if Tony had a worst job he would not be able to afford the wheelchair that he has and he might not be able to keep his job without it. Also because the wheelchair can be dangerous sometimes, he often ne eds the help of colleagues to help him out in certain situations, such as opening doors or getting down stairs. Technology 2 Braille Keyboard The Braille keyboard was designed to stop the development of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Cumulative Trauma Disorders, Repetitive Motion Syndrome, Repetitive Strain Disorders and Repetitive Stress Injuries, and other injuries. Your entire upper body and arms are relaxed as your wrists remain straight while you type. Advantages The advantages of a Braille keyboard are that it helps stop the development of many diseases which may save you lots of pain in the future. Disadvantages The main disadvantage of a Braille keyboard is that it costs more than a standard keyboard so this may be a problem for people that cant work. Personal Needs Tony uses his Braille keyboard in his free time when he is using his computer at home he mainly uses it to browse the internet. He also uses it to type letters to companies and spreadsheets for tax purposes. A Braille keyboard meets Tonys personal needs because he uses the internet on a daily basis. Although he can use a standard keyboard it puts lots of strain in his hands so he then has to stop. Another need it meets is that it allows him to use a computer that he can surf the internet and do any other things he may want to do. Also a Braille keyboard allows him to make notes and type letters to people through meaning that he no longer has to rely on a notepad and pen. Evaluation of how it meets his personal needs The Braille keyboard is very successful at meeting Tonys personal needs. This is because it allows him to do a lot of things he was unable to do before on his own, primarily communicating with people in spare time which he was unable to do before due to his disability. Also the fact that he no longer has to rely on people to help him around the house means that the Braille Keyboard does its job really well when he is actually spending time on the computer. The Braille keyboard is also very successful at meeting Tonys personal needs as he can connect it to his wheelchair and have it with him almost everywhere, meaning that not only can he be independent at home but also outside the home. Therefore he can use it like a laptop. Although the Braille keyboard seems to be great it has some setbacks. For example it is very expensive and Tony had to save every penny to get it, meaning that there was a chance he could not get the keyboard. This is because he has already had to invest in other expensive technologies to meet his needs such as the Electronic wheelchair. Professional Needs The Braille keyboard has eventually become the heart of Tonys workplace as it allows him to do his job in almost the same way as he used to do before he sustained his disability. The keyboard gives him the opportunity to go to building sites again and to continue his job as he used to, maybe not as fast as before and with a few mistakes but there is no doubt that slowly it allows him to get back to a normal architects organization. Being a architect also involves a lot of computer input and the Braille keyboard allows him to do it very easily so he can input as much information as he wants into any kinds of types of programs, such as typing letters in Microsoft Word or creating spreadsheets in Microsoft Excel. Evaluation of how it meets his professional needs The Braille keyboard is efficient at meeting Tonys work needs. It gives him the chance to once again have the same work life as he had before his accident by allowing him to do things that are important to his job that he could not do without it. For example with the keyboard he can still create designs which are required of him as an architect. Therefore this allows him to do his job even though he has a disability. Also because it can be connected to a computer it allows him to complete any computer input he may have at his office without the use of extra technologies such as a tracker ball mouse or a single fingered keyboard, meaning that it is very effective as it incorporates a few technologies in one. However the Braille keyboard sometimes has problems inputting information into a computer as he sometimes finds it hard to fully control his hands meaning that the Braille keyboard is not always fully successful at meeting Tonys work needs. Technology 3 Stair lift A stair lift is for people who cannot use their own feet to climb the stairs or for people who sometimes get dizzy whilst climbing the stairs. Advantages The advantages of stair lifts are that you can climb the stairs without being afraid that you will fall and you can climb the stairs any time of the day without the worry of possibly having to climb the stairs. Disadvantages The disadvantages of stair lifts are that most stair lifts are very expensive to buy and maintain. Another disadvantage is that if the lift stops working the person may not be able to climb the stairs until the lift is back working. Personal Needs Tony uses a stair lift personally as he has to climb the stairs to go to any of the rooms. He also has to have a shower upstairs so he uses the lift many times a day. Tony also has to use the lift to get to his bedroom when he is going to sleep. A stair lift meets Tonys personal needs because he uses the lift many times a day and cannot live in his own house without it. Tony has to use the lift every day and several times a day. Also the stair lift has allowed him to and from his own room as he can now use the stair lift without the fear of falling down the stairs. The stair lift can also be used by him to communicate with friends through email, as he has to climb the stairs to get to his computer. Evaluation of how it meets his personal needs The single finger keyboard is good at meeting at Tonys needs, this is as the stair lift is very easy to use and it takes little time to get used to operating it. This means that Tony learns how to use more and more technologies so if he bought another similar technology it would not be very hard for him to use as he can quickly learn the ins and outs of this easy to device. The stair lift is also very good at meeting Tonys personal needs as it is reasonably cheap and he doesnt have to spend large amounts of cash in order to be able to climb stairs, this allows him to save money for more essential things. Professional Needs Tony uses the stair lift for a number of important work needs. One of the most important was that the stair lift allowed him to get to his office on the second floor of his home, meaning that he could do his job again even though at a slower pace. Another need that it met was that he could transport documents whilst on the stair lift without needing someone to help him. Also with the help of the stair lift he can gain access to his computer which is also in his office so he can once again type letters to clients and business partners without having someone to do it for him, meaning that he can do most of the real important things that an architect has to do. Evaluation of how it meets his professional needs The stair lift is good at meeting his work needs as it allows him to do one of the most important architect tasks, which are computer designs. This means that his work life can go back to an almost normal state, as the stair lift is very good at helping him work through the disability and resuming a almost normal working life. Without the stair lift he would have had to move his office downstairs then he would have had to sacrifice one of the rooms downstairs to make way for his office. Due to the large amounts of work that have to be done in a architects office, the keyboard frequently has to be maintained as it is cheap parts and it can easily break, meaning that it could break at any moment, not letting Tony work until he gets a replacement or he has to wait for an engineer to fix it for him. Therefore the stair lift doesnt completely meet Tonys work needs.

Gender and Gender Relations in Manga and Anime Essay -- Men Women Humo

Manga and Anime, as inviting and open as they may seem, are at heart the products of Japan's culture. Despite its technological advancement, Japan somehow manages to retain much of its historical character, in addition to blending in the overwhelming influences of the West. The Japanese treatment of gender and gender relations has taken many turns over the last millennium, and manga and anime reflect those changes. Still, at the core of the culture lies certain fundamental beliefs that are proving difficult to change. Recently, too, there is growing controversy over gender roles in Japan. An American friend recently complained bitterly over the pervasiveness of sadistic, (heterosexual) male-oriented Japanese pornography in Japan. She says that the message that women are sexual objects has become almost epidemic in Japanese culture, and that male chauvenism is everywhere. Many career women in Japan seem to be so disgusted with things that they refuse to marry. And too many men are expected to sacrifice themselves to their jobs, to the point of having no family involvement. When a man retires, he sometimes becomes trapped in a family he doesn't know, with nothing to do, and he tends to die soon after from his sudden lack of purpose. I am not an expert in this topic; however, maybe I can provide some insight into Japanese culture and its reflection in manga, as well as some recent trends in manga. I am writing, by the way, from the point of view that individuality is more important than one's gender --- and hence to stereotype genders and to force people to conform to those stereotypes is not a good thing. I personally think we'd all be better off if each of us picked up the stereotypical strengths of both genders, if, say, men w... ...s, it seems, is to make Ranma prove that he loves her. (In Takahashi's Urusei Yatsura series, Lum would make herself bait in order to watch Moroboshi come rescue her --- proof to her that he did love her). However, unlike a truly helpless heroine, over and over Akane must come to Ranma's rescue after he has come to hers. Without Akane's help, Ranma would have lost many of his battles, as much as he hates to admit it. Akane is a key part of a team; either person could not possibly succeed alone. (Interestingly, though, this partnership is down-played in the TV shows; it only truly shines through in Takahashi's original stories). Even in some of the more stereotyped manga, there is some partnership and friendship between the sexes. And isn't partnership --- mutual respect, caring for each other, helping each other --- the most important thing in any relationship?

Counseling Service Essay

There are several stages of reflective judgment theory; each stage is divided into three levels. The level is pre reflective, quasi-reflective, and reflective thinking. Pre Reflective stage is the student believes what they hear or what they have seen. Quasi-reflective thinking is when a student makes his own conclusion on an issue and then researches it to find â€Å"truth†. The student will make a decision based gut feelings or just what feels right. At this stage, a student will believe what he wants to believe, however, understand others will have different views and respect that both could be right. Reflective judgment is when a student is able to compare different evidence and opinions and construct solution personally. Possible selves involve a student looking at what he could possibly be in the future. When a student struggle or dismiss the value of education, it can be speculated that his is in the pre reflective stage of the reflective judgment theory. Helping a student move from a lower level into the next level of reflective judgment theory can be challenging but possible. This student who is in stage one, would not value education as much and would consider getting a job rather than an education because they can even though they are capable off concrete thinking but usually believe what they see is and never search for the truth. It is also the stage where students do not research or examine their truth. It is important to guide a student when he is in this stage. It would be beneficial for the student to examine his possible self. If he reflect on where he is and where he could be, he must also reflect on how he will get there successfully. If a student is dismissing the value of an education, he is probably in this stage. In order to move him forward, one must try to encourage him to seek other truths and  research information so that he is able to prepare to infinitely defend his position for all points. If education is unimportant he should have research arguments for and against continued education before giving up on school. Understanding why the student is dismissing the value of education is going to be the key in helping him progress to the next stage off. If he is making a decision based on his possible self, he could be afraid of what he could possible become. One poet wrote that â€Å"Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond imagination. It is our light more than our darkness.(Williamson, 1992). Sometimes giving up and not seeing what a person could become is easier than becoming someone that a person is unfamiliar with. An example of this is a young man that has been economically challenged having the opportunity to attend college but because no one in his family has attended college and are still economically challenged. He could dismiss the importance of an education because he feels that his family will think he would look down on him if he betters himself. If he was in the stage five of this theory, he would be able to understand that there are other possible solutions to his problems. In stage five of the reflective judgment theory, the student will be able to understand that everyone have different approach to a situation, and one way is no better than the other. Stage five concept of justification states that beliefs are justified within a particular context via the rules of inquiry for that context. Justifications are assumed to be context specific or are balanced against each other, delaying conclusions (Kail, ). If the student reaches this stage, he would be able to better understand the ramification of his decision. He would understand birth point of view before making a decision. Advancing through the stages of the reflective judgment theory occurs as a person become more educated and mature. As a young adult, it is hard to make good decisions because there is not any information to base his decisions on that is reliable. He believes what he sees and hears, but as he becomes more comfortable in the school environment and learn more, he would be able to make more informed decisions. Relative Judgment Theory allows a person to reflect on the whats, whos, and the whys. However these questions are intrinsically motivation and the answer must come to the asker. This theory allows the most undereducated person to the advance student the oppurtinuty to be informed and responsible for the decision. References Kail, R.V., & Cavanaugh, J.C. (2010). Human development: A life-span view (5th ed.). doi: 1009-0001-161F-00001620. Williamson, M. (1992). A return to love. Reflections on the principles of a course in miracles. Harper Collins.

North Carolina Gubernatorial Election

The election for governor of North Carolina proved to be tightly contested race; with Richard Vinroot the republican candidate gaining support in the weeks immediately prior to the election. Mike Easley had an early advantage, being the democratic incumbent. Easley was the better-known and better-financed candidate, which helped him to an early advantage. However, during the final weeks of the campaign the advantage swung to Vinroot as undecided voters were swept up in a republican surge lead by the momentum gained by presidential candidate Bush. With the gubernatorial race growing ever closer, the candidate†s stance on issues began to stand out as the determining factor for many voters. Thus, Democrat Mike Easley was able to gain an advantage not because of party affiliation, but the due to his stance on important issues, one important issue being education. So how did the numbers stake up? Well the final elections showed Mike Easley receiving 1,492,170 votes or 52 percent of the vote; Richard Vinroot received 1,335,862 votes or 47 percent of the vote; the rest of the vote being split between the Libertarian and Reform candidates . The 2000 North Carolina gubernatorial election was closely contested and would be decided not mainly according party affiliation, but by the candidate†s stance on major issues. The Democratic candidate for governor Mike Easley has a strong background, which brought him public favor and votes. Michael F. Easley is 50 years old, was born in Nash County, received a degree in Political Science from the University of North Carolina, and gained a law degree from North Carolina Central University. Easley served as a District Attorney, which gained him a reputation due to his prosecution of drug traffickers. Easley was elected the Attorney General of North Carolina in 1992. He was re-elected in 1996 by a large margin receiving 60 percent on the vote. While he was Attorney General, Easley gained a strong reputation, Easley sought to reduce violent crimes by pushing for a new sentencing structure and removal of the prison cap. Easley was fairly successful, â€Å"Since he took office in 1993, the rate of violent crime in North Carolina has fallen by more than 15%. Easley also gained a strong reputation due to his efforts of attacking consumer fraud, creating a Citizen†s Rights Division, and increasing the environmental section with the creation of an Environmental Crimes Task Force. As Attorney General, Easley also contributed to the national tobacco settlement, and â€Å"Brought nearly $5 billion in revenue to North Carolina to protect farmers, communities and the public health. 2† Mike Easley†s stance on important issues played an important role in the election. One important issue, which Easley highlighted, was his plan for patient†s rights. His plan includes patient privacy and a system that would provide prescription drugs for the elderly. While campaigning Easley outlined his plan for patient†s rights, however he made it apparent that his major concern was his â€Å"No Excuses† approach to education. The main points in Easley†s plan are smaller class sizes, and a pre-kindergarten program. The staple of Easley†s plan is not to raise taxes, with financing coming from a state lottery. Easley†s focuses on three aspects in his education plan; character education, alternative schools, and dress codes. Easley†s education plan states, â€Å"In order to enhance academic performance and safety in our public schools, we must nurture the personal character of young people while demanding that all students be disciplined and appropriately attired. † Candidate Mike Easley brought his strong reputation, and stance on important issues to the gubernatorial campaign in order to gain popular support. Richard Vinroot the Republican candidate for governor also brought his strong reputation and background to the campaign trail. Vinroot like Easley also had a long list of credentials and a strong background, which helped him win public favor. Vinroot was awarded a Morehead Scholarship to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill were he received a degree in business administration and later his law degree. Vinroot is also a Vietnam veteran and was awarded a Bronze Star for his service. In 1991, Vinroot was elected mayor of Charlotte and was re-elected in 1993. As mayor of Charlotte Vinroot focused on crime, while he was mayor crime dropped 17 percent. Vinroot also focused on taxpayer relief. One of the major issues in Vinroot†s campaign was also education. Vinroot made it apparent that he supported tax paid vouchers, which gives parents a choice to send their children to the school of their choice. Vinroot†s plan supports home schooling and vouchers for children to attend private schools. Vinroot also supports a pay system for teachers based on merit. Vinroot†s main stance during the campaign was that he continually promised to never raise taxes and offered real change in education. Richard Vinroot gained public support in the gubernatorial campaign with a strong personal background, and by pronouncing never to raise taxes. The Reform candidate, Douglas Schell, and Libertarian candidate, Barbara Howe, offered voters additional choices for governor. However, both candidates played an insignificant role in the election with each candidate receiving about one percent of the vote. Similarly to Easley and Vinroot, both candidates† main issue was education. Howe†s education plan was a tax-based scholarship system giving the student an option when it comes to education. Schell†s stance on education was a plan for initiating a minimum salary for teachers, and focusing on discipline and school standards. However, both candidates were severely under funded; lacking the resources like Easley and Vinroot were able to attain. Thus, the Reform and Libertarian candidates played an insignificant role in the election. Richard Vinroot the republican candidate for governor hoped to ride the coattails of George Bush. Vinroot did gain support because of Bush strength in North Carolina, but this only helped make the race contested. However, Vinroot was unable to seize upon Bush†s support in North Carolina to become governor. Vinroot tried to play the connection with Bush to the fullest, thus making a late comeback. Unfortunately for Vinroot, several other factors caused Mike Easley to seize the election. The election showed that image, personality, and more importantly stance on issues wins votes rather than party affiliation. An important factor is swaying voters to Easley was his standing on important issues, especially the education issue. Easley was able to gain votes by strongly opposing tax-paid vouchers for education. In addition, Easley†s plan for education was more widely accepted including his pushing for a state lottery to pay for education. Some distinctions that caused the party splitting in North Carolina, was Easley†s stance on education. Image and personality also played key factors in Mike Easley†s election win. These traits where made apparent to voters in the campaigning through the numerous television ads and in the debate. Television ads played an important role in the campaigns of both candidates. Easley, due to better finance was able to run more television ads, allowing him to run more issue-focused ads. Conversely, Vinroot ran many ads attacking Easley in an effort to label him as a liberal, and associate of Al Gore. Vinroot†s attacks gave him an aggressive image, which hurt him in the election. Vinroot†s aggressive image was also apparent in the one television debate, Vinroot even grabbed Easley†s arm during the debate. Television ads also helped contribute to Mike Easley†s election win, especially the ads Easley ran the weekend before the election. Easley†s last television ads played upon the popularity of actor Andy Griffith, who endorsed Easley in those final ads. Image and personality are important to voters and these characteristics favored Mike Easley. The first North Carolina governor of the 21st century won an election that became tightly contested due to party affiliation. However, in the end it was not party affiliation that was the determining factor in the election. The determining factors in the election were the candidate†s stance on major issues, namely the issue of education, and the candidate†s image and personality. Richard Vinroot made the election contested by playing heavily on the popularity of George W. Bush; this did not however carry him into office. Voters broke party lines and voted for the candidate who best addressed their needs. Mike Easley was able to win because he promised to improve education without raising taxes due to a state lottery. Richard Vinroot had a chance in the gubernatorial election by trying to ride the coattails of George W. Bush, but when it came down to it voters concerned themselves not with party affiliation, but concerned themselves with the current issues, with the greatest emphasis on the issue of improving education.

Free Essays on Stegner

â€Å"We simply need th[e] wild country available to us, even if we never do more than drive to its edge and look in. For it can be a means of reassuring ourselves of our sanity as creatures, a part of the geography of hope (153).† Wallace Stegner makes this statement at the end of â€Å"Coda†, a letter included in his book The Sound of Mountain Water. In this letter Stegner asks David Pesonen, who was working on the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission, to work to preserve what wilderness is left in the United States. In publishing the letter in this book, Stegner is arguing not only to Pesonen but to the American people that wilderness is a necessary part not just of the physical American landscape, but the emotional and social landscapes as well. Throughout The Sound of Mountain Water Stegner relates his experiences traveling in the western United States, and in the second part reflects upon the ties of the western writer to history. This paper is mostly concerned with the first part of this book in which Stegner writes directly about his experiences with landscape. The book is a collection of writings that come from many different points in Stegner’s life, and therefore, throughout Part I of the book the reader is able to see the authors views change regarding certain environmental issues pertaining to the west. In the Introduction, Stegner writes, â€Å"†¦I am dismayed to find myself, in ‘The Rediscovery of America’, speaking admiringly of Hoover Dam and Lake Mead. I know better now†¦ But I have not changed the essay, or any of the essays†¦ They represent the way I felt when I wrote them (10).† Because of this, The Sound of Mountain Water reads somewhat like a literary time capsule , capturing Stegner’s views and responses to the landscapes he encounters, from the carefree â€Å"Rediscovery†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to the more philosophical and concerned â€Å"Coda†. The main points of this essay will relate the authors views and ... Free Essays on Stegner Free Essays on Stegner â€Å"We simply need th[e] wild country available to us, even if we never do more than drive to its edge and look in. For it can be a means of reassuring ourselves of our sanity as creatures, a part of the geography of hope (153).† Wallace Stegner makes this statement at the end of â€Å"Coda†, a letter included in his book The Sound of Mountain Water. In this letter Stegner asks David Pesonen, who was working on the Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission, to work to preserve what wilderness is left in the United States. In publishing the letter in this book, Stegner is arguing not only to Pesonen but to the American people that wilderness is a necessary part not just of the physical American landscape, but the emotional and social landscapes as well. Throughout The Sound of Mountain Water Stegner relates his experiences traveling in the western United States, and in the second part reflects upon the ties of the western writer to history. This paper is mostly concerned with the first part of this book in which Stegner writes directly about his experiences with landscape. The book is a collection of writings that come from many different points in Stegner’s life, and therefore, throughout Part I of the book the reader is able to see the authors views change regarding certain environmental issues pertaining to the west. In the Introduction, Stegner writes, â€Å"†¦I am dismayed to find myself, in ‘The Rediscovery of America’, speaking admiringly of Hoover Dam and Lake Mead. I know better now†¦ But I have not changed the essay, or any of the essays†¦ They represent the way I felt when I wrote them (10).† Because of this, The Sound of Mountain Water reads somewhat like a literary time capsule , capturing Stegner’s views and responses to the landscapes he encounters, from the carefree â€Å"Rediscovery†¦Ã¢â‚¬  to the more philosophical and concerned â€Å"Coda†. The main points of this essay will relate the authors views and ...

Proof of U.S. Citizenship Documents

Proof of U.S. Citizenship Documents Proof of U.S. citizenship must be established when dealing with all levels of U.S. government. Documents proving citizenship must be provided when applying for Social Security benefits and when applying for a U.S. passport. Increasingly, states are requiring proof of citizenship when applying for â€Å"enhanced† drivers licenses as required by the federal Real ID Act. Documents Serving as Primary Evidence of U.S. Citizenship In most cases, documents serving as â€Å"primary† proof or evidence of citizenship are required. Documents serving as primary evidence of U.S. citizenship are: Birth Certificate or certified copy of Birth Certificate issued by a U.S. State or by the U.S. Department of State (for persons born abroad to U.S. citizen parents who registered the child’s birth and U.S. citizenship with the U.S. Embassy or consulate);U.S. Passport, issued by the U.S. Department of State;Certificate of Citizenship issued to a person born outside the United States who derived or acquired U.S. citizenship through a U.S. citizen parent; or Naturalization Certificate issued to a person who became a U.S. citizen after 18 years of age through the naturalization process. The Consular Report of Birth Abroad or Certification of Birth should be obtained by persons who were born abroad to U.S. citizens. If you cannot present primary evidence of U.S. citizenship, you may be able to substitute secondary evidence of U.S. citizenship, as described by the U.S. Department of State. Secondary Evidence of U.S. Citizenship Persons who cannot present primary evidence of U.S. citizenship may submit secondary evidence of U.S. citizenship. Acceptable forms of proof of secondary evidence of U.S. citizenship depend on the appropriate situations as described below. Early Public Records Persons born in the United States but unable to present primary evidence of U.S. citizenship may submit a combination of early public records as evidence of your U.S. citizenship. Early public records must be submitted with a Letter of No Record. Early public records should show name, date of birth, place of birth, and preferably be created within the first five years of the person’s life. Examples of early public records are: Baptismal certificateHospital birth certificateCensus recordEarly school recordFamily Bible recordDoctors record of post-natal care Early Public Records are not acceptable when presented alone. Delayed Birth Certificate Persons born in the United States but unable to present primary evidence of U.S. citizenship because their U.S. Birth Certificate was not filed within the first year after their birth may submit a Delayed U.S. Birth Certificate. A Delayed U.S. Birth Certificate filed more than one year after your birth may be acceptable if: It lists the documentation used to create it (preferably early public records, andIt is signed by the birth attendant or lists an affidavit signed by the parents. If the Delayed U.S. Birth Certificate does not include these items, it should be submitted together with Early Public Records. Letter of No Record Persons born in the United States but unable to present primary evidence of U.S. citizenship because they do not have a previous U.S. passport or a certified U.S. birth certificate of any kind must present a state-issued Letter of No Record showing: Name,Date of birth,The years for which a birth record was searched, andAcknowledgment that no birth certificate was found on file. A Letter of No Record must be submitted together with Early Public Records. Form DS-10: Birth Affidavit Persons born in the United States but unable to present primary evidence of U.S. citizenship, you may submit Form DS-10: Birth Affidavit as evidence of your U.S. citizenship. The birth affidavit: Must be notarized,Must be submitted in person,Must be submitted together with early public records,Must be completed by an affiant who has personal knowledge of birth in the U.S.,Must state briefly how the affiants knowledge was acquired, andShould be completed by an older blood relative. NOTE: If no older blood relative is available, it may be completed by the attending physician or any other person who has personal knowledge of the persons birth. Foreign Birth Documents and Parent(s) Citizenship Evidence Persons who claim citizenship through birth abroad to U.S. citizen parent(s), but are unable to submit a Consular Report of Birth Abroad or Certification of Birth must submit all of the following: Foreign birth certificate (translated into English),Evidence of citizenship of the persons  U.S. citizen parent,Parents marriage certificate, andA statement of the person’s U.S. citizen parent detailing all periods and places of residence or physical presence in the United States and abroad before their birth. Notes See Documentation of U.S. Citizens Born Abroad for additional information.For information on foreign-born children adopted by U.S. citizens, see the Child Citizenship Act of 2000.Foreign language documents should be accompanied by an informal or formal English translation. Unacceptable Documents The following will not be accepted as secondary evidence of U.S. citizenship: Voter registration cardArmy discharge paperSocial Security Card